Kufambira mberi kwazvino uye matambudziko epachena AlON ceramics

Ceramics uye macomposites ayo akaongororwa zvakanyanya kune akasiyana maapplication nekuda kweakasarudzika makemikari uye fizikisi zvivakwa [1-7]. Pakati pazvo, maceramics akajeka ane basa rakawanda mubhizinesi rebhizimusi uye maindasitiri emauto nekuda kweakanakisa optical, emuviri, uye emuchina zvivakwa [8-10]. Pakati pemakeramiki akajeka, akajeka aluminium oxynitride (AlON) makeramiki akaonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kukosha makeramiki mudzimba, infrared uye anooneka mahwindo, uye pachena zvombo, nezvimwewo [11-13]. Kuenzaniswa nesafire yekristaro imwe chete, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa seyakanyanya kujeka dhakamiki, iyo polycrystalline AlON ceramics ine maitiro akafanana pane simba, kuoma, uye optical properties, asi inopa kuwedzera kushanduka muhukuru uye chimiro [14,15]. Naizvozvo, AlON ceramics yakwezva kuferefeta kuri kukura. γ-AlON mhinduro yakasimba yeAl₂O₃ uye AlN [16,17]. Nzira dzakawanda dzakaongororwa kugadzirira AlON poda kana AlON ceramics, yakadai seyakasimba-state reaction [18], carbonization nzira yeAl₂O₃ [19,20], kemikari vapor deposition [21], sol-gel nzira [22,23], uye solution combustion synthesis [24]. Band gap reAlON rakayerwa kuva 6.2 eV [25]. TU et al [26] vakashandisa yekutanga-misimboti density functional theory (DFT) kuti vadzidze pane-saiti zvido zveAl vacancy uye Natoms muγ-AlON. Iyo bhendi gap uye yakawanda modulus structural modhi ye γ-AlON, sechimiro chenzvimbo yeAl₂₃O₂₇N₅ yakaverengerwa kuve 3.99 eV yeN maatomu uye Al vacancies mu γ-AlON haisi uye 200.9 GPa, zvichiteerana. Kupiwa bhendi rakakura zvakajeka. Izvo zvivakwa zve γ-AlON zvinoratidzwa mugap pamwe neakaderera photon simba uye yakakwirira Tafura 1 [14].

Termal kugadzikana, AlON ceramic yakaongororwa se phosphor matrix. Seupconversion photo- luminescence (UCPL) phosphor, AlON inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakadai seEu₂+ [27], Yb₃+[28], Tm₃+ [29], uye Ce₃+ [30]. Munguva ichangopfuura, magirazi akavakirwa paAlON yakaderera-akasanganiswa ne4-dimethyl-amino-N-methyl-4- stilbazoliumtosylate (DAST) layer [31] uye VO₂ firimu nhete paAlON yakajeka [32] yakawanikwa iine. inogona kushandiswa mumahwindo akachenjera. Iyo ALON(5)−DAST(90)−ALON(5) inokunda magirazi epafafitera akajairika eindasitiri nemashoko ekuchipa, kureruka, uye kuomarara [31]. Uyezve, iyo Ti6Al4V yakagadziridzwa zvakabudirira paAlON ceramic kuburikidza neanoshanda element brazing nzira, uye iyo inoumbwa yakaratidza yakatanhamara michina zvivakwa [33]. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mitsva yekuwedzera sintering yeH₃BO₃ [34] uye zvinhu zvepasi (Sc, La, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, uye Yb) [35] zvaive zvakasiyana kubva kune zvakajairwa Y₂O₃, La₂O₃, uye MgO. Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzakavandudzwa, zvinyorwa zvitsva zve sintering, zvakanyanya kuoma pasi zvinhu doping uye itsva yakaongororwa kushandiswa, nezvimwewo, zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, chidimbu chakarongeka, chakanangwa uye chemazuva ano chichiri kushaikwa [11,13,36,37]. Uyezve, mamwe matambudziko asina kugadziriswa uye matambudziko matsva eAlON ceramics anokanganisa kusimudzira kwavo kwekutengesa uye kushandisa. Naizvozvo, chinyorwa ichi chinotora ichangoburwa uye yakakosha ongororo yeakajeka AlON ceramics maererano nenzira dzekugadzirira, sintering additives, sintering tekinoroji, matambudziko uye tarisiro yebudiriro.

  MUFANANIDZO 1

                  Tafura 1 Zvivakwa zve γ-AlON [14]                          

AlON ine cubic spinel chimiro neboka renzvimbo yeFd3m [38,39]. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1 [40], N neO maatomu ari panzvimbo ye32e, uye maatomu eAl ari panzvimbo ye16d ne8a. Zvichibva pazviedzo zvabuda uye ne theoretical

Muna 1964, chikamu chekutanga dhiyagiramu yebhinariAl₂O₃−AlN kuumbwa kwakabudiswa neLEJUS [43]. Zvadaro, MCCAULEY et al [44,45] yakashuma imwe yakakwana yechikamu chekuenzanisa dhiyagiramu yepseudo-binary Al₂O₃-AlN yakagadzirwa pasi pe nitrogen inoyerera pa 1.013 × 105 Pa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2 [44]. Kunze kwekuyedzwa kwekuyedza, kuverenga, iyo inogara anion chimiro modhi yeAlON inogona kutsanangurwa neformula ye. Al(64+x)/3V(8−x)/3O32−xNx, apo 2≤x≤5 [39−42]. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kusimbisa zvinonzwisisika vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaedza kuverenga nzvimbo yeAlON yakagadzikana uye pseudo-binary Al₂O₃-AlN system inobva pane data yekuedza uye data iripo ye thermodynamic yechikamu chekuenzanisa [36,46-49] . Zvisinei, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kunoitika muzviedzo hachiri kukwanisa kugadziriswa nekuda kweruzivo rushoma rwekuedza. 

MUFANANIDZO 2

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti ceramics inoratidzira zviyo, miganhu yezviyo, uye porosity, nezvimwewo (Fig. 3))[50,51]. Sezvambotaurwa, AlON ceramics ine isotropic cubic lattice chimiro, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuti vanogona kuve pachena. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvinoparadzira chiedza, porosity ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kuona kana ceramics inogona kujeka kana kwete. Iyo inoderedza porosity inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika 99.9% ye theoretical density, uye saizi yemapores pamiganhu yezviyo inofanira kunge iri diki pane wavelength yechiedza kana kuti haifanirwe kuvepo. Miganhu yezviyo kuvapo kusingadzivisike mumakeramiki uye kune simba rakakura pakujeka. Saka, miganhu yezviyo nemhando yepamusoro uye zviyo zvine madiki uye mayunifomu saizi anotarisirwa kuwana yakakwirira-pachena AlON ceramics. Kushandisa sintering additives kazhinji kunogona kubvisa maburi akasara panguva yekupisa, asi zvinopa kusimuka kwenzvimbo itsva dzekupararira kwechiedza mumakeramiki, chikamu chechipiri, uye inclusions. Sezvo iyo miviri yakakosha yekuparadzira chiedza, iyo porosity uye miganhu yezviyo inofanira kuderedzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. SHAHBAZI et al [51] vakatsanangura maceramics akajeka, maitiro anoshanda pakujeka, Mie theory, uye Fraunhofer theory zvakadzama.

MUFANANIDZO 3 

Parizvino, nzira dzakawanda dzakataurwa kugadzirira simba reAlON kana AlON ceramics, senge solid-state reaction [18,52-55], carbonization nzira kubva kuAl₂O₃ [19,56-61], kemikari vapor deposition [21,62] ], uye sol−gel nzira [22,63]. Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakatarisa pane yakasimba-state reaction yeAl₂O₃ neAlN pakupisa kwakanyanya uye nzira yecarbonization yeAl₂O₃ kuderedza.

Iyo yakasimba-nyika nzira inzira yakapusa uye yakajairwa yekugadzirira kweakawanda makomisheni. Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru eiyo solid-state reaction pane yakanyanya tembiricha ndeyekuti mbishi zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa zvisina basa. Kuita kweAl₂O₃ neAlN kweAlON kuumbwa kunogona kutsanangurwa se5AlN+9Al₂O₃→ Al₂₃O₂₇N₅[13,64]. Iwo akachena kwazvo eAl₂O₃ neAlN masimba anowanikwa mumusika uye anogona kushandiswa zvakananga kugadzira masimba eAlON kana kunyange translucent AlON ceramics. Iyo nhanho-imwe gadziriro yeAlON ceramics haingogone chete kudzikisa zvakanyanya mutengo wekupisa asi zvakare kurerutsa iyo sintering maitiro pamwe nekuwana nyore kugadzirwa kwakakura. Nekudaro, hupfu hunogona kuunganidzwa kana kusanganiswa zvisingaite, zvichikonzera kusajeka pachena kweAlON ceramics. Zvichakadaro, iyo yakakwirira-kuchena ultrafine AlN inodhura, iyo inowedzera mutengo wekugadzira. Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 4 (a), MCCAULEY uye ORBIN [52] yakatanga kugadzirira iyo AlON disc inoshanduka uye yakaratidza yakanatswa yakakwirira-yekupisa chikamu dhizaini yeAlON pamwe neiyo pseudordinary Al₂O₃−AlN yekuumbwa kwakabatana. Iyo yemvura-chikamu sintering process yakashandiswa kugadzira yakajeka AlON ceramics naPATEL et al [65]. Iyo α- Al₂O₃ muhuwandu hwe27−30 mol.% yakatanga kusanganiswa neAlN. Zvadaro, musanganiswa wacho wakatsikirirwa mumapellets mushure mekugadzira bhora. Mapellets akapiswa pa1950−2025 °C kwe10−60 min, uye chikamu chemidziyo chinogona kuumba chikamu chemvura kusimudzira sintering panguva ino. Tevere, tembiricha yehurongwa yakadonha ne50−100 °C uye yakachengeterwa imwe 8−20 h kuti iwedzere kuvandudza density uye pachena. CHEN et al [66] yakatanga kugadzira chikamu cheAlON yakachena: Ce3+ simba pa1780 ° C munitrogen, ipapo iyo yakazara dense uye yakajeka AlON: Ce3+ ceramics yakawanikwa ne-liquid-chikamu-yakabatsirwa pressureless sintering pa1900 ° C kwe20 h. (Fig. 4(a) uye (b)). Kunze kwekubatanidza kwakananga nzira yakashandiswa kugadzirira AlON poda uyezve inotenderera AlON ceramics neiyo yakasimba-nyika inoshandirwa kugadzira AlON ceramics. Nzira huru, LI et al [67] yakashandisa Al₂O₃ uye AlN poda mukana weiyi nzira iri mumutengo wakaderera weiyo seyakagadzirwa kukurumidza kugadzira imwe-chikamu mbishi zvinhu uye kugona kwemaindasitiri eAlON masimba kutanga kuburikidza neakasimba-nyika. nzira. Zvadaro, kugadzira. Nekudaro, iyo sintering mamiriro ndiwo akagadzirirwa AlON poda akagadzika kuita akaomesesa, uye zvakaoma kunyatso kudzora mole AlON powders, sezvakaratidzwa muFigs. 4(d) uye (e). Huyero hweAl₂O₃ kusvika kuC, uye iyo AlON iri pachena zviri nyore AlON ceramic yakagadzirwa nekuora muAl₂O₃ uye AlN muN2pressureless sintering yakawanikwa yakanaka AlON mamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya. Ese aya hupfu, uye mu-line transmittance yeAlON inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kweAlON poda. ceramic yaive yakakwira se84.3% (d100 mm × 1 mm) paJIN et al [68] yakatanga kugadzira Al₂O₃ / 3.7 μm (Fig. 4(f) uye (g)).

MUFANANIDZO 4 

Iyo carbothermal kuderedza uye nitridation carbothermal nitridation musanganiswa, sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 5(a−c). Munguva iyi, iyo kabhoni layer (CRN) nzira yakatanga kushandiswa kugadzira paAl₂O₃ particle surface yakawanikwa yakasimba musanganiswa weAlON naYAMAGUCHI uye kudzoreredza kubatana uye kukura kweAl₂O₃ YANAGIDA mu1959 [39]. Iyo CRN ndiyo yakanyanya zvidimbu. Pakupedzisira, iyo AlON Ceramics inoonekera ine yakanyanya-mutsetse transmittance pamusoro pe80% pa 2000 nm inogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri-nhanho carbothermal nitridation munitrogen pa1950 °C ye8 h (Fig. 5 (d)). SHAN et al [69] vakashuma kuti zvose bimodal (~ 1.1 μm uye ~ 2.2 μm) uye unimodal (~ 1.1 μm) AlON powders inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa bhora rekugadzira se-yakagadzirirwa AlON powder kuburikidza neCRN nzira ( Fig. 5(e) ne(f)). Vakaona kuti iyo AlON poda ine bimodal particle size distribution (PSD) ine kukurumidza densification panguva yekupisa, uye yakanakisa yakajeka AlON ceramics inosvika 82.1% infrared transmittance pa ~ 3600 nm yakanga isina kumanikidzwa sintered munitrogen pa1820 ° C ye2.5 h. (Mufananidzo 5(g))

MUFANANIDZO 5

Iyo yakanaka uye yakachena γ-AlON powders yakagadziriswa neYUAN et al [70] kuburikidza nenzira yekubatanidza (Fig. 6 (a) uye (b)). Vakawedzera kushandisa γ-AlON powders kuti vabudise AlON ceramics uye vakadzidza kuitika kwemapatya lamellas pamagetsi avo emagetsi (Figs. 6 (c-j)) [71]. Vakaona kuti mapatya lamellas uye miganhu inokwira nekuwedzera kweavhareji saizi yezviyo muhukuru-hukuru AlON ceramics, iyo yakapa nzira inovimbisa yekusimudzira maceramic akajeka ane zviyo zvakakura. 

Kusvika parizvino, kune zvakare dzimwe nzira dzakaongororwa kugadzira iyo AlON poda kana ceramics. Semuenzaniso, ASPAR et al [62] vakagadzira musanganiswa weAlON vachishandisa ammonia, trimethyl-aluminium, uye nitrous oxide nekemikari vapor deposition.CVD kuwedzera) nzira. Zvakaonekwa kuti tembiricha uye kudzvanywa zvine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakuumbwa kwekuenzanisa nekugadzirisa huwandu hweCO iripo. IRENE et al [21] yakashandisawo nzira yeCVD kugadzira mafirimu eAlxOyNz pasilicon. Zvakakosha, chikamu chinogona kudzorwa nekugadzirisa chiyero cheNH₃/CO₂ gasi uye tembiricha yekugadzirira KIM et al [72] yakagadzira yakadzika-tembiricha sol-gel yakavakirwa nzira yekuwana iyo Al-ON system, kunyangwe zvingave zvakaoma kubata. iyo nitride precursor ye hydrazine mune iyi maitiro. Mamwe maajenti e nitriding akaongororwa mukuenderera mberi nekuferefeta kwavo. KIKKAWA et al [73] yakagadzirwa AlON kuburikidza neammonia nitridation ye oxide precursor, iyo yakagadzirwa nepeptizing glycine gel nealuminium nitrate. Mukuwedzera, plasma reactor yakagadzirirwa kugadzira AlON nanopowders maererano nekubatana kweAl powder neammonia uye mhepo mune inopisa nitrogen plasma [74] Chikamu, chemikemikari, uye kuparadzira zvinyorwa zvenano-powder yakagadzirirwa inopindirana ne plasma process paramita uye reactor dhizaini.

Kuti uwane yakakwirira-kujeka AlON ceramics, iyo sintering additives inofanira kuwedzerwa kuti ibvise maburi akasara panguva yekupisa, inova nzvimbo yekuparadzira mwenje. Mazuva ano, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuwedzera sintering zveAlON, zvakadai seY₂O₃, La₂O₃, MgO, SiO₂, uye CaCO₃, zvakaongororwa zvakanyanya [67-69,75-80]. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzekuwedzera sintering, isu takapfupisa iyo yakajairwa pachena mhedzisiro yeAlON ceramics ine akasiyana sintering additives, sezvakaratidzwa muTable 2. Semuenzaniso, SHAN et al [69] vakashuma kuti in-line transmittance yeAlON ceramic (3) mm muukobvu) i82.1% pakureba kwe3600 nm ne0.5 wt.% Y₂O₃. SiO₂ yakatanga kushandiswa sekuwedzera sintering yeAlON ceramic (Fig. 7(b)) [76]. Vakaona kuti in-line transmittance yeAlON ceramic inosvika 86% (3.5 mm muhukobvu) pa2000 nm uye haina hanya neiyo additive concentration ne0.15−0.55 wt.% SiO2. Vamwe vaongorori vakashandisa marudzi maviri ekuwedzera sintering kugadzira yakakwira-pachena AlON ceramics. WANG et al [81] vakashandisa 0.12wt.% Y₂O−0.09wt.% La₂O₃ se-co-additives yeAlON ceramics, vachiwana transmittance ye80.3% (2 mm muhupamhi) pa400 nm (Fig. 7 (a)) . Vakataura kuti Y₃ + neLa₃ + vane synergistic effect pakukura kwezviyo neY₃ + inovandudza kufamba kwemuganhu wezviyo uye nekusimudzira kukura kwezviyo apo La₃ + yakadzivisa kukura kwezviyo. JIN et al [68] sintered AlON Ceramics vachishandisa marudzi matatu ekuwedzera sintering pasina kumanikidzwa, akaumbwa ne 0.1 wt.% MgO, 0.08 wt.% Y₂O₃, uye 0.025 wt.% La₂O₃, uye akawana transmittance ye81% mu1% ukobvu) pa1100 nm. Munguva ichangopfuura, Y₂O₃−La₂O₃− MnO sechinhu chinosanganiswa sintering chinowedzera kugadzira akajeka AlON ceramics yakaongororwa naWANG et al [81] (Fig. 7(d)). Miganho yekunyungudika yezvinowedzera sintering muAlON zvakadzidzwa naMILLER naKAPLAN [82] vachishandisa wavelengthdispersive spectroscopy yakaiswa pane scanning electron maikorosikopu. Vakaona kuti solubility miganhu yeLa, Y, uye Mg muAlON pa1870 °C yaive (498±82)×10−6, (1775±128)×10−6, uye>4000×10−6, zvichiteerana. 

MUFANANIDZO 6

Pamusoro pezvakajairwa sintering additives yeY₂O₃, La₂O₃, uye MgO, itsva sintering additives yeH₃BO₃ based ternary composite [34] uye zvinhu zvepasi [35] zvakaongororwawo. Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 8(a) uye (b), zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi (Sc, La, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, uye Yb) zvakaongororwa zvakarongeka sechinhu chinowedzera sintering cheAlON ceramics inoonekera, zvichiteerana. Yakawanikwa kuti iyo AlON ceramics ine 0.1 wt.% Pr-nitrate yakaratidza iyo yakanyanya transmittance ye ~ 80% nematanho maviri-kumanikidza sintering (Fig. 8 (c)), zvichiratidza kuti zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinogona kuva imwe inovimbisa imwe sintering. additive. Nguva pfupi yadarika, uchishandisa Y₂O₃−MgAl₂O₄−H₃BO₃ seye-co-sintering yekuwedzera, YANG et al [34] vakawana AlON ceramic ine transmittance ye81% (4 mm muhupamhi) pa600 nm nedanho rimwechete reactive sintering apo H₃ zvemukati zvaive 0.12 wt.%. (Mufananidzo 8(d)). 

MUFANANIDZO 7

      Tafura 2 Transparency mhedzisiro yeAlON ceramics ine akasiyana sintering additives

Usati wanyura, mapepa akasvibirira eAlON powders anowanzo umbwa nekuoma kwemaitiro, kusanganisira uniaxial press pasi pekumanikidzwa uye inotonhora isostatic press, kana nekunyorova, kusanganisira gel-casting [8,63,83]. Mazhinji matekinoroji ekugadzira akaongororwa kuti agadzirire AlON ceramics, senge kusagadzikana sintering [56,58,67,68,77,79], vacuum sintering [65], hot-press [84], microwave sintering [85,86], spark plasma sintering [87-89] uye inopisa isostatic kudzvanya [75,76,78,90,91]. Zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri nzira dzekugadzirira dzinozivikanwa dzeAlON ceramic zvinoratidzwa muTebhu 3. Kusamanikidza sintering ndiyo yakasarudzika tekinoroji yekugadzira uye inodhura-inoshanda pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu hweAlON ceramics nehukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo. Nekudaro, tembiricha yakakwira sintering, nguva yakareba yekunyura, uye sintering additives zvinowanzodiwa kuti uwane yakanyanya kujeka AlON ceramics. LI et al [67] yakashuma arge nhamba yeakajeka AlON Ceramics ane zviyero zve d100 mm × 1 mm nekumanikidzika sintering pa1950 ° C kwe12 h pasi pekuyerera kweN2 mamiriro muchoto chegraphite. Iyo in-line transmittance yeAlON ceramic (1 mm muukobvu) ndeye 84.3% pa ​​3.7 μm wavelength ine 0.5 wt.% Y₂O₃. Vacuum sintering inobudirira sintering tekinoroji kubvisa gasi kubva kumakeramiki [92]. PATEL et al [65] vakashandisa high-purity Al2O3 uye AlN masimba sezvinhu zvakasvibirira kugadzira translucent AlON ceramics pa 2000 ° C ye8 h uye 32 MPa yekumanikidzwa pasi pekupisa-press, ichitevera pa1900 ° C kweanopfuura 8. h mune vacuum. Hot-press (HP) sintering inogona kushandiswa kuisa axial pressure kuti ikurumidze kufamba kwemasimba uye kuita kuti girinhi pellet iite dere zvakazara pane tembiricha yakaderera. Asi iyo HP sintering haina kukodzera kugadzirira yakakura uye yakaoma sampuli, uye kugadzirwa kunodhura zvakanyanya, uye kusvibiswa uye hurema hunogona kuunzwa. A post- annealing process inodiwa kubvisa kabhoni kusvibiswa [8]. TAKEDA neHOSAKA [84] vakawana pachena λ-AlON ceramic pa 1900 °C kwe 1 h uye 20 MPa yekumanikidzwa pasi pe-hot-press. Microwave sintering ine simba rakawanda, rinochengetedza mari, low sintering tembiricha, kusimbaradza kuita, uye sintering rate. Mune microwave process, iyo yakashandurwa microwave simba inogona kupisa mukati meiyo sampuli vhoriyamu pachayo. CHENG et al akatsamwira kuti AlON yakanyura pa85 ° C kwe1800 h panguva ye microwave process ine kufambisa kwe1%. Spark plasma sintering (SPS), inonziwo pulsed electric current sintering, inokwanisa kuona maceramics akajeka akajeka ane zviyo zvakanaka nekuda kwenguva pfupi yekupisa uye tembiricha yakaderera nerubatsiro rwe pulsed DC pasi pekumanikidzwa. Saka, kukura kwezviyo kunogona kuderedzwa. SHAN et al [60] yakagadzira yakakwirira-yakajeka AlON ceramics neSPS pakudzika kwakadzika kwe87 °C uye kukurumidza kupisa kwe1600-50 ° C/min pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe250 MPa. Iyo yakanyanya kufambiswa kweiyo-yakawanikwa AlON ceramics (60 mm muukobvu) ndeye 1.4%. 

MUFANANIDZO 8

Tafura 3 Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zveyakajairwa nzira dzekugadzirira dzeAlON ceramic

 Kupisa isostatic kudzvanya (HIP) ndiyo yakanyanya simba sintering tekinoroji yekuwana iyo yakanyanya density uye yakakwirira-yekupedzisira optical transmitting ceramics nekupedzisira kuderedza akasara pores mumakeramiki [8,11,93,94]. Munguva yekupisa-kupisa sintering, iyo HIP midziyo inogona kuiswa ne isostatic gasi kudzvanywa. Mufananidzo 9 unoratidza dhizaini yechimiro cheiyo microstructure modhi yekubvisa pore neHIP [8,95]. Kazhinji, zvakanyanya kuoma kubvisa zvakasara pores nemamwe sintering matekinoroji. Imwe nzira yekuwedzera yeHIP inodiwa kubvisa ma pores akasara uye kuwedzera density uye transmittance padyo zvakanyanya neiyo theoretical kukosha. 

MUFANANIDZO 9

Iri basa rakatsigirwa neJiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No. 20192BAB216009), Science and Technology Planning Project yeHunan Province, China (No. 2019WK2051), uye Science and Technology Project of Changsha, Hunan, China (No. kh2003023).